Numerous studies have been
done on the other beneficial effects of ERT/HRT,
but the results are less clear. Many long-term
studies have suggested that ERT helps to prevent
heart disease, although recent studies have
been conflicting. Promising new research has
also suggested that ERT may help prevent Alzheimer's
disease or decrease the risk of colon cancer,
although these results are too preliminary to
regard seriously.
ERT has been shown to improve irritating bladder
symptoms (frequent urination, urinary urgency
and burning) that are often associated with
urinary incontinence, but the amount of incontinence
or urinary leaking does not appear to improve
with estrogen treatment.
Potential risks : ERT (when given by itself) can cause increased
growth of the uterine lining (endometrium) and
endometrial cancer However, when progesterone
is added to the estrogen therapy (HRT), that
risk disappears. Therefore, women who have not
had their uterus removed should be treated with
both estrogen and progesterone.
Some studies show that ERT and HRT are associated
with a small increased risk for breast cancer
but this risk seems to be limited to women who
take ERT or HRT for more than 5 years. Other
studies have not found this increased breast
cancer risk. However, it is usually recommended
that women who are at a very high risk for developing
breast cancer, or treated for breast cancer
in the past, should not take ERT or HRT.
ERT or HRT use include an increase in gall bladder
disease and a small increased risk for venous
blood clots, such as deep venous thrombosis
(blood clots in the legs).
There are now many ongoing research studies investigating the effects of menopause. The results of these studies may help physicians advise their patients on how to effectively and safely manage menopause.
Until more is known about ERT and HRT, women should weigh the benefits and the possible risks against the symptoms being experienced. Thorough discussion with a physician is recommended.
To reduce the risks of estrogen replacement therapy and still gain the benefits of the treatment, physicians may recommend:
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